In line with the growth of the aquaculture industry, the reproduction and cultivation of ornamental fish has developed significantly due to its high economic importance. One of the most important challenges in the aquaculture industry is the improvement of formulated diets to improve the growth efficiency, nutrition and immunity of fish. In recent years, many efforts have been made in connection with nutritional strategies and optimization of feed compositions in different fish species. The use of microbial feed additives (probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic) through different mechanisms can lead to increased growth, survival, immunity, improvement of reproductive functions and maintenance of water quality in breeding environments. Therefore, according to the successful results of using microbial feed additives in different species of fishes, the use of these additives is considered as an important strategy for better production of aquatic products in breeding systems and helps the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.

BACKGROUND: Increase in aquatic production is dependent on raw materials, quality of diet, feed manufacture technology and optimum feed formulation.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was investigation and quality control feed of FFT, GFT1 and GFT2 of rainbow trout in farm and fish feed factory producers in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province.METHODS: In this study samples of FFT, GFT1 and GFT2 of diets were randomly taken from farm and fish feed factory producers in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province.Samples were analyzed for moisture, crud protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash, phosphorous, TVN, Total count and coliform count.RESULTS: The results showed, diet CP was differs significantly (p<0.05) from many of the feeds. In addition nutrients of CP, phosphorous and EE of diets were differed slightly from rainbow trout requirement and in some cases were lower than instance requirement. The index of TVN that shows free nitrogen, was higher than standard in all samples. Total count and coliform count were different between some of the other feed factories.CONCLUSIONS: Better management in fish feed factories must be applied to balance the nutrient requirements of the rainbow trout diet in different stages of growth, by using fresh, suitable and special feed materials.

Fish tank or swimming granuloma caused by Mycobacterium marinum is an opportunist pathogen commonly found in aquatic environments. We present a 16 year-old boy with frequent exposure to aquarium water who had several nodules (sprotrichoid forms) on his right hand.Pervious studies showed that fish tank granuloma is a rare skin infection (0.27 per 100,000 population in one year). However, taking proper history and considering the patient’s signs and symptoms could be helpful in diagnosis and treatment.

Background: In India, fishmeal is habitually considered as the major protein source for fish culture. Rising cost, deteriorating quality and unavailability of fishmeal caused huge difficulty in modern aquaculture, particularly for fish nutrition. Nearly all Anabas testudineus cultures faced loss, due to high feed costs, inappropriate feed formulation and management. So it was necessary to find a profitable replacement of fishmeal, which could provide better growth performance to A. testudineus.Results: In this study, different types of poultry wastes were tested, and poultry viscera confirmed satisfactory results, having 60.67 % crude protein (% Dry matter basis).Further, a feeding trial was conducted for 60 days in 90-L circular fibre tanks with proper aeration, to evaluate poultry viscera, in the formulated diet for A. testudineus. Triplicate groups of fingerlings each were fed four isonitrogenous diets, at 5 % of wet body weight basis. Feed readjusted biweekly. Comparatively, fish accumulated highest and significant (P<0.05) increase in body weight and fat deposition, when dietary fishmeal completely replaced by poultry viscera.Discussions: Thus, this study revealed that better growth performance in Koi, A. testudineus (Bloch) could be achieved through utilization of poultry viscera in the formulated fish feed, compared to fishmeal. Hence, poultry waste recycling could be stimulated also.

Due to rapid aquaculture development, limited supply of fishmeal and its increasing cost and demand, using plant derived feed ingredients such as legumes (lupin and peas), oil seed cakes (soy bean, cottonseed, and rape seed), cereals (corn, rice and wheat), meals of protein rich leaves, concentrates and isolate of non-edible oil seeds (jatropha, castor and neem) as fish feed ingredients is compulsory. However, the major challenge in utilizing the protein rich plant ingredients is the presence of anti-nutritional factors. Anti-nutritional factors are compounds which reduce the nutrient utilization and/or feed intake of aquatic animals and are important in plant origin feed ingredient contents of feed formulation. These factors can cause malnutrition or reduced micronutrients and minerals uptake. The most important anti-nutritional factors include protease inhibitors, phytic acid, saponin, tannin, cyanide, oxalate, gossypol, non-starch polysaccharides, phytoestrogens, mimosine and mycotoxins. There are various traditional and recent technologies, which can be used to reduce the levels of such anti-nutrient factors. Several processing techniques including fermentation, germination, dehulling, autoclaving, soaking etc. are applicable to reduce the anti-nutrient contents of ingredients. However, investigating and appreciation of effective methods and optimizing the conditions of their application is still very demanding. In addition, each aquatic species has tolerable threshold for each of the anti-nutritional substances, which should be considered before choosing the processing method. Other issues including the environmental concerns of the processing method and its economic viability also deserve special attention.

Today, crustacean waste generated during aquaculture activities is an important environmental problem. Considering the approach to sustainable aquaculture and the fact that the wastes of aquaculture industries are not waste, focusing on the processing of these products can lead to the production of valuable compounds such as chitin and chitosan, bioplastics, enzymes, carotenoids and shrimp meal. Chitin and chitosan are used as an immunostimulant in the diet of aquatic species. Shrimp meal, as one of the important feed ingredients of the diet of crustacean species, provides a part of the required protein.